Tooth loss is a process in which one or more teeth come loose and fall out. Tooth loss is normal for deciduous teeth (baby teeth), when they are replaced by a person's adult teeth. Otherwise, losing teeth is undesirable and is the result of injury or disease, such as dental avulsion, tooth decay, and gum disease. The condition of being toothless or missing one or more teeth is called edentulism.
Tooth loss typically begins around age six and continues until age twelve. The upper and lower central incisors are shed at age six to seven years. The upper and lower lateral incisors are shed at seven to eight years. The upper canines are shed at ten to twelve years. The lower canines are shed at nine to twelve years. The upper and lower first molars are shed at nine to eleven years. The upper and lower second molars are shed at ten to twelve years.[1]
As a person ages, their permanent teeth have been exposed to normal mechanical forces, such as chewing, and also more abnormal mechanical forces, such as bruxism (grinding) and traumatic injury. Permanent teeth may also be affected by oral disease.[2] There are many ways in which a person may protect his or her permanent teeth from loss.
The main method of preventing tooth loss is prevention of oral diseases. Tooth loss can be due to tooth decay and gum disease. Tooth decay is caused by increased plaque retention. Bacteria can then invade the plaque and cause dental caries (cavities). If cavities persist untreated for an extended period of time, tooth breakdown occurs.[3] Plaque retention and bacterial presence also affect the gums and bone and their ability to hold the teeth in place. Disease of the gums, known as periodontitis, leads to detachment of the supporting structures from the teeth and their eventual loss. Tooth loss due to tooth decay and gum disease may be prevented by practicing good oral hygiene, and regular check-ups at a dentist's office. Good oral hygiene consists of brushing two times a day with a fluoridated toothpaste and flossing. Dental check-ups should occur every six months. Children or adults who are incapable of caring for their own teeth should be assisted with oral hygiene in order to prevent tooth loss.[4]
In contact sports, risk of mouth trauma and tooth injury is reduced by wearing mouthguards and helmets with a facemask (e.g., a football helmet, a goalie mask).
Nightguards may also be implemented in the case of teeth grinding (bruxism) during sleep. These guards function in limiting the wear and force applied to the teeth. In turn, this minimizes the chance of loss.
In countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany, and Italy, there is a strong relationship between cigarette smoking and tooth loss. Studies have shown that an increase in exposure to cigarette smoking can increase the risk of tooth loss. In addition, studies have also found that when people stop smoking, there is a decrease in tooth loss.[5]
Proper nutrition has been shown to prevent tooth loss by providing the nutrients necessary to maintain enamel strength.[6]
Tooth loss occurs more often in people from the lower end of the socioeconomic scale.[7]
Tooth loss can occur secondary or concomitantly to many diseases. Diseases may cause periodontal disease or bone loss to prompt tooth loss. Consequently, periodontal disease may cause increased infection, which may predispose a person to other diseases. Diseases commonly related to tooth loss include, but are not limited to: cardiovascular disease,[8] cancer,[9] osteoporosis[10] and diabetes mellitus.[11] Therefore, it is important to not only maintain good oral hygiene, but also overall good health.
Maximum preservation and protection of natural teeth is best for eating and chewing; however, there are three basic ways to replace a missing tooth or teeth, including a fixed dental bridge, dentures, and dental implants. Each alternative has its own benefits and drawbacks. It is important to consider a patient's medical, financial, and emotional situation. It is recommended that a patient experiencing tooth loss visits a dentist to discuss which replacement method is best suited for his or her situation. It has been shown that a non-removable replacement, such as a bridge or implant appears to provide patients with the best sense of security and well-being.[12]
2. Jump up^ Baelum V, Luan W-M, Chen X, Fejerskov O (1997). "Predictors of tooth loss over 10 years in adult and elderly Chinese". Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 25.
4. Jump up^ Li; et al. (2011). "Age, period and cohort analysis of regular dental care behavior and edentulism: a marginal approach.". BMC Oral Health. 11 (9).
5. Jump up^ Hanioka, T., Ojima, M., Tanaka, K., Matsuo, K., Sato, F., and Tanaka H. (2011). "Causal assessment of smoking and tooth loss:a systematic review of observational studies". BMC Public Health. 11: 221. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-221.
6. Jump up^ Ioannidou, E; et al. (Nov 11, 2013). "Tooth Loss Strongly Associates with Malnutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease". J Periodontol. 85 (7): 899–907. doi:10.1902/jop.2013.130347. PMID24215204.
Tooth loss is a process in which one or more teeth come loose and fall out. Tooth loss is normal for deciduous teeth (baby teeth), when they are replaced by a person's adult teeth. Otherwise, losing teeth is undesirable and is the result of injury or disease, such as dental avulsion, tooth decay, and gum disease. The condition of being toothless or missing one or more teeth is called edentulism.
Tooth loss typically begins around age six and continues until age twelve. The upper and lower central incisors are shed at age six to seven years. The upper and lower lateral incisors are shed at seven to eight years. The upper canines are shed at ten to twelve years. The lower canines are shed at nine to twelve years. The upper and lower first molars are shed at nine to eleven years. The upper and lower second molars are shed at ten to twelve years.[1]
As a person ages, their permanent teeth have been exposed to normal mechanical forces, such as chewing, and also more abnormal mechanical forces, such as bruxism (grinding) and traumatic injury. Permanent teeth may also be affected by oral disease.[2] There are many ways in which a person may protect his or her permanent teeth from loss.
The main method of preventing tooth loss is prevention of oral diseases. Tooth loss can be due to tooth decay and gum disease. Tooth decay is caused by increased plaque retention. Bacteria can then invade the plaque and cause dental caries (cavities). If cavities persist untreated for an extended period of time, tooth breakdown occurs.[3] Plaque retention and bacterial presence also affect the gums and bone and their ability to hold the teeth in place. Disease of the gums, known as periodontitis, leads to detachment of the supporting structures from the teeth and their eventual loss. Tooth loss due to tooth decay and gum disease may be prevented by practicing good oral hygiene, and regular check-ups at a dentist's office. Good oral hygiene consists of brushing two times a day with a fluoridated toothpaste and flossing. Dental check-ups should occur every six months. Children or adults who are incapable of caring for their own teeth should be assisted with oral hygiene in order to prevent tooth loss.[4]
In contact sports, risk of mouth trauma and tooth injury is reduced by wearing mouthguards and helmets with a facemask (e.g., a football helmet, a goalie mask).
Nightguards may also be implemented in the case of teeth grinding (bruxism) during sleep. These guards function in limiting the wear and force applied to the teeth. In turn, this minimizes the chance of loss.
In countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany, and Italy, there is a strong relationship between cigarette smoking and tooth loss. Studies have shown that an increase in exposure to cigarette smoking can increase the risk of tooth loss. In addition, studies have also found that when people stop smoking, there is a decrease in tooth loss.[5]
Proper nutrition has been shown to prevent tooth loss by providing the nutrients necessary to maintain enamel strength.[6]
Tooth loss occurs more often in people from the lower end of the socioeconomic scale.[7]
Tooth loss can occur secondary or concomitantly to many diseases. Diseases may cause periodontal disease or bone loss to prompt tooth loss. Consequently, periodontal disease may cause increased infection, which may predispose a person to other diseases. Diseases commonly related to tooth loss include, but are not limited to: cardiovascular disease,[8] cancer,[9] osteoporosis[10] and diabetes mellitus.[11] Therefore, it is important to not only maintain good oral hygiene, but also overall good health.
Maximum preservation and protection of natural teeth is best for eating and chewing; however, there are three basic ways to replace a missing tooth or teeth, including a fixed dental bridge, dentures, and dental implants. Each alternative has its own benefits and drawbacks. It is important to consider a patient's medical, financial, and emotional situation. It is recommended that a patient experiencing tooth loss visits a dentist to discuss which replacement method is best suited for his or her situation. It has been shown that a non-removable replacement, such as a bridge or implant appears to provide patients with the best sense of security and well-being.[12]
2. Jump up^ Baelum V, Luan W-M, Chen X, Fejerskov O (1997). "Predictors of tooth loss over 10 years in adult and elderly Chinese". Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 25.
4. Jump up^ Li; et al. (2011). "Age, period and cohort analysis of regular dental care behavior and edentulism: a marginal approach.". BMC Oral Health. 11 (9).
5. Jump up^ Hanioka, T., Ojima, M., Tanaka, K., Matsuo, K., Sato, F., and Tanaka H. (2011). "Causal assessment of smoking and tooth loss:a systematic review of observational studies". BMC Public Health. 11: 221. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-221.
6. Jump up^ Ioannidou, E; et al. (Nov 11, 2013). "Tooth Loss Strongly Associates with Malnutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease". J Periodontol. 85 (7): 899–907. doi:10.1902/jop.2013.130347. PMID24215204.
Постоянные зубы, которые выпадают по каким-либо причинам, иногда можно обратно вставить на их место. В основном реимплантируются (вставляются обратно) только постоянные, а не молочные зубы.
Сохраните выпавший зуб. Как можно скорее доставьте его своему стоматологу. Чем дольше вы ждете, тем меньше шансов у стоматолога вернуть зуб на место. Держите зуб за коронку (жевательный край).
Вы можете доставить зуб к стоматологу, следуя одному из советов:
Постарайтесь поместить зуб в ротовую полость так, чтобы он находился на одном уровне с другими зубами. Осторожно прикусите марлю или влажный чайный пакетик, чтобы удержать зуб на месте. Будьте осторожны, не проглотите зуб.
Если вы не можете проделать предыдущий шаг, поместите зуб в контейнер с небольшим количеством цельного молока или слюны.
Зуб также можно поместить в пространство между нижней губой и десной или под язык.
У стоматолога может быть специальное устройство для сохранения зуба. Это устройство состоит из переносного футляра и жидкого раствора. Подумайте о покупке подобного приспособления для вашей домашней аптечки первой помощи.
Также следует выполнить следующие действия:
Приложите холодный компресс ко рту и деснам, чтобы облегчить боль.
Для остановки кровотечения придавите пораженное место марлей.
Незамедлительно обратитесь к стоматологу.
При переломе зуба могут быть повреждены нервные окончания. Чтобы избежать инфицирования и боли, вам необходимо незамедлительно обратиться к стоматологу.
При простом сколе или переломе зуба, не доставляющем дискомфорт, вам не требуется экстренная помощь. Но вам все равно необходимо обратиться к врачу, чтобы закрепить сломанный участок зуба, так как острые края могут поранить губы или язык.
При переломе или выпадении зуба незамедлительно обратитесь к стоматологу. Если вы можете найти зуб, принести его с собой.
Если вы не можете сомкнуть полость рта, то это может свидетельствовать о том, что повреждена челюсть. Это состояние требует оказания неотложной медицинской помощи.
При большинстве травм, при которых выпадает зуб, также могут быть травмированы другие зубы, или другие структуры ротовой полости, например нёбо, десна или щеки. Вместо выпавшего зуба можно поставить новый постоянный зуб (реимплантант). Наилучших результатов можно достичь, если реимплантировать зуб в течение тридцати минут. Шансы успешной имплантации маловероятны по прошествии двух часов.
1. Найтизуб.
Для молочного зуба: приложите чистую марлю к десне и зубной впадине и держите её в течение 15 минут для остановки кровотечения. Молочный зуб не подлежит реимплантации после его выпадения, так как реимплантация может вызвать осложнения при развитии в будущем постоянного зуба. Ребенка необходимо показать стоматологу, даже если зуб уже был готов к скорому выпадению.
Для постоянного зуба: приложите чистую марлю к десне и проделайте нижеописанные шаги.
2. Осторожно сполосните зуб под проточной водой, держа его за вершину зуба (коронку). Не трите зуб ине прикасайтесь к корню.
3. Как следует подготовьте зуб для транспортировки к стоматологу.
Наилучший способ транспортировки зуба – это вставить его обратно в его впадину. Осторожно поместите зубобратно в его нормальное положение. Не беспокойтесь, если он слегка выступает. Чтобы удержать зуб на месте слегка зажмите в зубах марлю или увлажненный чайный пакетик. Во время транспортировки пальцемпридерживайте зуб во впадине. Взрослый человек или подросток могут держать зуб во рту между деснами и щекой или под языком, стараясь не проглотить его. Детям младшего возраста не следует этого делать.
Если взрослый человек или ребенок слишком обеспокоен, чтобы держать зуб во впадине, положите в молоко. Если молока нет, используйте водопроводную воду или продукцию, отпускаемую без рецепта врача, такую как раствор Ханка или Save-A-Tooth.
Не кладите зуб в соленую воду, алкоголь или в жидкость для полоскания рта.
4. Немедленнопозвоните вашемустоматологу чтобы организовать лечение. Если нет возможности связаться со стоматологом следует немедленно поехать в скорую медицинскую помощь. Удостоверьтесь, что зуб не забыт.
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