You might not be Atlas, but your shoulders still carry a lot of weight. If it weren't for them, you wouldn't be able to pitch a game-winning home run, shovel snow off your front walk, or even comb your hair.

The shoulders' ball-and-socket design gives you great range of motion, but at the expense of stability. The shoulder socket is shaped like a golf tee, fairly flat on top, so the ball of the upper arm bone can easily slip out of it. That instability is why the shoulder joint gets dislocated more often than any other joint in the body.

When you lift weights every day or pitch every weekend, you can put a lot of wear and tear on your shoulder muscles, tendons, and joints. This is especially true if your form or technique is incorrect. Repetitive stress can lead to tears and other injuries, which can take you off the playing field and leave you in serious pain.

Here's a guide to the most common shoulder injuries -- how to spot them, and what to do about them.

Rotator Cuff Injury

What it is: Your rotator cuff is the set of four muscles that sits around the ball of the shoulder joint and allows the shoulder to move.

How it can get injured: Sports that involve lifting your hands over your head -- like pitching in baseball, swimming the freestyle or butterfly stroke, serving in tennis, and weight lifting -- can cause the top part of the shoulder blade to pinch the rotator cuff muscles. This is called shoulder impingement.

Repetitive motion in sports can also overload the tendons of the rotator cuff. Those tendons can eventually swell and get inflamed -- a condition called tendinitis. If you ignore the pain and keep swinging that golf club or tennis racket, the tendon that connects the rotator cuff muscles to the ball part of the joint can eventually tear.

What you'll feel: Pain is the main symptom of a rotator cuff injury. The pain gets worse when you raise your arm, and you might hear a click or popping sound. Eventually, the shoulder will hurt even when you're not moving it. A rotator cuff injury can limit your shoulder movement and reduce your strength.

How it's treated: Your doctor may suggest that you rest your shoulder for a few days, then begin rotator cuff stretching and mobility exercises. Avoid lifting anything above shoulder level until the injury heals. An anti-inflammatory medication or corticosteroid injection may help bring down swelling and reduce pain.

If the pain and weakness do not improve, you might need more formal physical therapy or surgery. The type of surgery done depends on the size, type, and location of the tear. It can take several weeks or even months for a rotator cuff injury to heal.

How to prevent it: Exercise your rotator cuff muscles to keep them strong and improve your range of motion. Be careful when you play sports like golf and tennis that use the same repetitive motions. Switch up your game once in a while. And stop whenever you feel pain.

AC Joint Injury

What it is: The AC (acromioclavicular) joint is located where the uppermost part of your shoulder blade -- a structure called the acromion -- meets your collarbone. When ligaments connecting the acromion and collarbone get torn, you've got a separated shoulder.

How it can get injured: Getting hit hard in the shoulder or falling on an outstretched hand can cause a separated shoulder.

What you'll feel: Pain in your shoulder. You might also see a bump on top of the shoulder where it's separated.

How it's treated: You will need to see your doctor if you suspect you have an AC joint injury. You will likely need to wear a sling to keep your shoulder still. Ice the area for about 20-30 minutes every couple of hours to reduce swelling. Take acetaminophen or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug like ibuprofen to help with the pain.

How to prevent it: Do range-of-motion and strengthening exercises. Gradually increase the weight and number of reps to strengthen your shoulder.

Dislocated Shoulder

What it is: A dislocated shoulder happens when the top of the upper arm bone (the ball) slips out of its socket. The ball can slip forward, backward, or downward. Before you fully dislocate it, the shoulder might feel like it's starting to go out of place. That's called instability. When the shoulder slips only partway out of the socket, it's a subluxation.

How it can get injured: A strong hit to your shoulder on the football field or ice hockey rink can pop the ball out of its socket. You can also get a dislocated shoulder if you rotate your shoulder joint too far, like when you're serving in volleyball.

What you'll feel: You can feel when your shoulder pops out of place. The pop will be followed by intense pain. You might also have swelling, bruising, and weakness in the arm.

How it's treated: Sometimes, medical personnel can pull a dislocated shoulder back into place, but don't let anyone work on your shoulder unless you're sure he or she is experienced with the procedure. Otherwise, you could end up with an even worse injury. Instead see a health care provider who will give you a sedative or pain medicine before sliding your upper arm bone gently back into its socket. You'll have to keep the shoulder still for a few weeks afterward in a sling.

If the shoulder is being stubborn and it won't go back in place, you may need  surgery to relocate the joint. Surgery can also repair torn ligaments or tendons in your shoulder.

How to prevent it: Check with your doctor to see when and how much you can use your shoulder. Once you've fully healed, he may suggest start exercising your shoulder to keep it flexible. Slowly add in weights and resistance bands to increase shoulder strength if OK with your doctor or physical therapist.  If your shoulder has been dislocated before, ease off on the sports until it heals. That can take a few weeks. Anyone who's had a dislocation once has a good chance of it happening again. When you do start playing contact sports again, wear shoulder pads or other protective gear.

Source http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/shoulder-injuries#1

Contents

Causes

Symptoms

Treatment

Outlook (Prognosis)

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Prevention

Bursitis is the swelling and irritation of a bursa. A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between a muscles, tendons, and bones.

Causes

Bursitis is often a result of overuse. It can be caused by a change in activity level, such as training for a marathon or by being overweight.

Bursitis can also be caused by trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or infection. Sometimes the cause cannot be found.

Bursitis commonly occurs in the shoulder, knee, elbow, and hip. Other areas that may be affected include the Achilles tendon and the foot.

Symptoms

Symptoms of bursitis may include any of the following:

·         Joint pain and tenderness when you press around the joint

·         Stiffness and aching when you move the affected joint

·         Swelling, warmth or redness over the joint

Treatment

Your doctor will talk to you about a treatment plan to help you resume your normal activity.

Tips to relieve bursitis pain:

·         Use ice 3 to 4 times a day for the first 2 or 3 days.

·         Cover the painful area with a towel, and place the ice on it for 15 minutes. Do not fall asleep while applying the ice. You can get frostbite if you leave it on too long.

·         When sleeping, do not lie on the side that has bursitis.

For bursitis around the hips, knees, or ankle:

·         Try not to stand for long periods.

·         Stand on a soft, cushioned surface, with equal weight on each leg.

·         Placing a pillow between your knees when lying on your side can help decrease pain.

·         Flat shoes that are cushioned and comfortable often help.

·         If you are overweight, losing weight may also be helpful.

You should avoid activities that involve repetitive movements of any body part when possible.

Other treatments include:

·         Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen

·         Physical therapy

·         Exercises you do at home to build strength and keep the joint mobile as pain goes away

·         Removing fluid from the bursa and getting a shot of corticosteroid

As the pain goes away, your doctor or nurse may suggest exercises to build strength and keep movement in the painful area.

Surgery is rarely needed.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Some people do well with treatment. When the cause cannot be corrected, you may have long-term pain.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider if symptoms recur or do not improve after 3 to 4 weeks of treatment, or if the pain is getting worse.

Prevention

When possible, avoid activities that include repetitive movements of any body parts.

Source: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000419.htm

Teething is the growth of teeth through the gums in the mouth of infants and young children.

Information

Teething usually begins when a baby is between 6 and 8 months old. All 20 baby teeth should be in place by the time a child is 30 months old. Some children do not show any teeth until much later than 8 months, but this is usually normal.

·       The two bottom front teeth (lower incisors) usually come in first.

·       Next to grow in are usually the two top front teeth (upper incisors).

·       Then the other incisors, lower and upper molars, canines, and finally the upper and lower lateral molars come in.

The signs of teething are:

·       Acting cranky or irritable

·       Biting or chewing on hard objects

·       Drooling, which may often begin before teething starts

·       Gum swelling and tenderness

·       Refusing food

·       Sleeping problems

Teething does NOT cause fever or diarrhea. If your child develops a fever or diarrhea and you are worried about it, talk to your health care provider.

Tips to ease your child's teething discomfort:

·       Wipe your baby's face with a cloth to remove the drool and prevent a rash.

·       Give your infant a cool object to chew on, such as a firm rubber teething ring or a cold apple. Avoid liquid-filled teething rings, or any plastic objects that might break.

·       Gently rub the gums with a cool, wet washcloth, or (until the teeth are right near the surface) a clean finger. You may place the wet washcloth in the freezer first, but wash it before using it again.

·       Feed your child cool, soft foods such as applesauce or yogurt (if your baby is eating solids).

·       Use a bottle, if it seems to help, but only fill it with water. Formula, milk, or juice can all cause tooth decay.

You can buy the following medicines and remedies at the drug store:

·       Acetaminophen (Tylenol and others) or ibuprofen can help when your baby is very cranky or uncomfortable.

·       If your child is 2 years or older, teething gels and preparations rubbed on the gums may help the pain for a short while. Be careful not to use too much. DO NOT use these remedies if your child is younger than 2 years old.

Be sure to read and follow package instructions before using any medicine or remedy. If you are not sure how to use it, call your child's provider.

What not to do:

·       DO NOT tie a teething ring or any other object around your child's neck.

·       DO NOT place anything frozen against your child's gums.

·       NEVER cut the gums to help a tooth grow in, because this can lead to infection.

·       Avoid teething powders.

·       NEVER give your child aspirin or place it against the gums or teeth.

·       DO NOT rub alcohol on your baby's gums.

·       DO NOT use homeopathic remedies, as they may contain ingredients that are not safe for infants.

Source https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm

Мазмұны

Жалпы ақпарат

Симптомдары

Емдеу

Дәрігерге қойылатын сұрақтар

Жалпы ақпарат

Аталық бездің бұралуы дгеніміз не?

Аталық бездің бұралуы – ұрықтық түтіктің дертті бұралуы. Оның нәтижесінде аталық безге қан келуінің тежелуі орын алады.

Аталық бездің бұралуының себебі белгісіз. Ауру көбінесе, жыныстық жетілу кезіндегі ұлдар мен жасөспірімдерде болады. Жыл сайын 25 жастан кіші 4000 ердің 1-де аталық бездің бұралуы болады.

Аталық бездерде, немесе ұрықтық түтіктерде ерлердің гормондары және шәует өндіріледі. Бұл ұманың (пенистің артында орналасқан тері-бұлшық еттік қалта тәрізді құрылымның) ішіндегі екі жұмыртқа тәрізді ағза.

Симптомдары

Аталық бездің бұралуының симптомдары қандай?

Бұл ауру кезінде науқастар ұмада күшті ауруды сезінеді. Аталық без ісінген немесе сау аталық безге қарағанда үлкенірек болып көрінеді. Жүрек айнуы, құсу, бас айналуы немесе ұрықтық сұйықтықта қан болуы мүмкін.

Емдеу

Аталық бездің бұралуы қалай емделеді?

Емдеуі - ұрықтық түтікті жазу бойынша операция жасау қажет. Сондай-ақ, дәрігерлер аталық безді жанындағы тіндерге бекітуді қамтамасыз етуі мүмкін, болашақта бұралу болмас үшін. Бұл шара – орхипексия аталады.

Аталық бездің бұралуын қаншалықты тез емдеу қажет?

Ұмада ауырсыну болса, шұғыл түрде дәрігерге хабарласыңыз. Егер аталық бездің бұралуы болса, әдетте, 6 сағат ішінде оперативтік араласу болса, оны сақтауға болады. Ұзақ күткен сайын зақымдалған аталық безді алып тастау ықтималдығы артады.

Дәрігерге қойылатын сұрақтар

• Ұманың ісінуі аталық бездің бұралуымен байланысты ма?
• Оперативтік емдеу қажет пе?
• Операциядан кейінгі қалпына келу кезеңі қаншалықты ұзақ?
• Операциядан кейін жайлы сезіну үшін не істеуге болады?
• Бала өрбітуге қабілеті болады ма?
• Жыныстық өмірім қалыпты болады ма?
• Бір рет аталық бездің бұралуы орын алса, тағы пайда болуы мүмкін бе?

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