Латекске аллергиялық реакция

Латекс дегеніміз - каучук ағашынан (гевея - Hevea brasiliensis) алынатын табиғи өнім.Көбінесе адамдарда латекстен жасалған қолғаптарға аллергиялық реакция дамиды.Қазіргі уақытта бұл аллергияның түрі өзекті мәселеге айналып барады.

Симптомдары:

Латекске қарсы аллергиялық рекция әр түрлі дамиды-ол өмірге қауіп тудырмайтын жағдайдан басталып ауыр жағдайға дейін алып келуі мүмкін.Мысалы:

• · Терілік реакциялар:Жанаспалы дерматит, есекжем немесе жаппай қышынуға алып келеді
• · Тыныс алуға әсері.Науқастың тыныс алу жүйесіне жеңіл әсер етсе-жөтел,түшкіру немесе мұрыннан көптеген бөлінділер бөлінеді,ал ауыр жағдайда-ентігу,тамақтың ісінуі немесе қатты естілетін сырылмен тыныс алу болады.
• · Анафилаксиялық шокта кездеседі.

Кандай адамдарда латекске қарсы аллергиялық реакция дамиды?

Латекске қарсы аллергиялық реакция көбінесе резинадан жасалған заттар шығаратын мекемеде істейтіндер де, медицина қызметкерлерінде және операциясына латекстен жасалған құралдар көп қолданылған науқастарда дамиды.

Латекске қарсы аллергиялық реакция дамуын арттыратын қауіп факторлары.

Мысалы, мына заттарға банан, каштан, киви, авокадо және қызанаққа аллеригялық реакциясы бар адамдарда латекске қарсы аллергиялық реакция дамуы мүмкін.Себебі осы өнімдер мен латекстің құрамында бірдей белок кездеседі.Сонымен қатар латекске қарсы аллергиялық реакция анамнезінде атопиялық дерматиті бар науқастарда даму қаупі жоғары.

Латекстен жасалған заттар қай жерде кездеседі ?

Құрамында латекс бар медициналық бұйымдар:

• Медициналық қолғаптар
• Дренаж, жгут,катетер және бинт
• Операцияны тануға арналған жабысқақ ленталар құрамында

Құрамында латекс бар жеке немесе үйде қолданылатын заттар:

• Контрацептивтар мысалы: мүшеқап
• Төсемелер және гигиеналық жастықтар
• Сәбилерге қолданылатын емізік құрамында
• Шарлар және резинадан жасалған ойыншықтарда
• Компьютер тышқанына арналған төсеме құрамында.

Диагностикасы.

Латекске қарсы аллергиялық реакция бар екенін білу үшін анамнезіне,обьективті жағдайына және лабораторлық тексерулерге қараймыз.Лабораторлық тексерурлерге қанның құрамындағы латекске қарсы антиденені анықтау жатады,сонымен қатар латекстен жасалған қолғапты кигізіп көру және аллергиялық тері астылық сынама жасалады.Осы сынамаларда білікті дәрігер жасайды себебі рекция болған жағдайда дер кезінде көмек көрсете білу керек.

Емі.

Дәрілік препараттар тек қана симптомдарды азайтады, ең тиімдісі латекспен контактыны толық шектеу болып табылады. Ауру асқынған жағдайда науқас жан сақтау бөлімінде емделеді.

Латекске қарсы ауыр аллергиялық реакциясыны басынан өткізген науқастар әрқашан өзімен бірге аллергияға қарсы дәрілер және адреналин дайындалған сөмкені ұстап жүруі тиіс.

Егер аллергия болған жағдайда латекстен қалай сақтану керек?

• Латекс өнімдерінің терімен жанасуына жол бермеу керек егер денсаулық сақтау қызметкерлері болса онда гипоаллергенді қолғаптарды қолданады .
• Латекстен жасалған қолғаптардың қасында тыныс алуды шектеу керек.

Аударған: Мелис Айбек

Content

Mild symptoms

More-severe symptoms

Anaphylactic shock symptoms

When to see a doctor

Connection between food allergy and latex allergy

What you can do

What to expect from your doctor

What you can do in the meantime

Latex allergy is a reaction to certain proteins found in natural rubber latex, a product made from a milky fluid from rubber trees. If you have a latex allergy, your body mistakes latex for a harmful substance.

Latex allergy may cause allergic reactions ranging from skin irritation to anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Your doctor can determine if you have a latex allergy or if you're at risk of developing a latex allergy.

Understanding latex allergy and knowing common sources of latex can help you prevent allergic reactions.

If you're allergic to latex, you're likely to react after being in contact with the latex in rubber gloves or by inhaling airborne latex particles released when someone removes latex gloves. Latex allergy symptoms range from mild to severe, depending on your sensitivity and the degree of latex allergen exposure. Your reaction can worsen with repeated latex exposure.

Mild symptoms

Mild latex allergy symptoms include:

• Itching

• Skin redness

• Hives or rash

More-severe symptoms

These include:

• Sneezing

• Runny nose

• Itchy, watery eyes

• Scratchy throat

• Difficulty breathing

• Wheezing

• Cough

Anaphylactic shock symptoms

The most serious allergic reaction to latex is an anaphylactic (an-uh-fuh-LAK-tik) response, which can be deadly. Anaphylactic reactions develop immediately after latex exposure in highly sensitive people, but anaphylaxis rarely happens the first time you're exposed.

Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include:

• Difficulty breathing

• Hives or swelling

• Nausea and vomiting

• Wheezing

• Drop in blood pressure

• Dizziness

• Loss of consciousness

• Confusion

• Rapid or weak pulse

When to see a doctor

Seek emergency medical care if you think you're having an anaphylactic reaction.

If you have less severe reactions after exposure to latex, talk to your doctor. If possible, see your doctor when you're reacting, which will aid in diagnosis.

In a latex allergy, your immune system identifies latex as a harmful substance and triggers certain antibodies to fight the allergen. The next time you're exposed to latex, the antibodies signal your immune system to release histamine and other chemicals into your bloodstream, producing a range of signs and symptoms. The more exposure you have to latex, the more strongly your immune system is likely to respond (sensitization).

Latex allergy can occur in these ways:

• Direct contact. The most common cause of latex allergy involves touching latex-containing products, including latex gloves, condoms and balloons.

• Inhalation. Latex products, especially gloves, shed latex particles, which you can breathe in when they become airborne. The amount of airborne latex from gloves differs greatly depending on the brand of glove used.

It's possible to have other reactions to latex that aren't allergies to the latex itself. They include:

• Allergic contact dermatitis. This reaction to the chemical additives used during manufacturing produces signs and symptoms — usually a skin rash similar to that of poison ivy, including blisters — 24 to 48 hours after contact.

• Irritant contact dermatitis. Not an allergy, this form of dermatitis most likely is an irritation caused by wearing rubber gloves or exposure to the powder inside them. Signs and symptoms include dry, itchy, irritated areas, usually on the hands.

Not all latex products are made from natural sources. Products containing man-made (synthetic) latex, such as latex paint, are unlikely to cause a reaction.

Certain people are at greater risk of developing a latex allergy:

• People with spina bifida. The risk of latex allergy is highest in people with spina bifida — a birth defect that affects the development of the spine. People with this disorder often are exposed to latex products through early and frequent health care.

• People who undergo multiple surgeries or medical procedures. Repeated exposure to latex gloves increases your risk of developing latex allergy.

• Health care workers. If you work in health care, you're at increased risk of developing an allergy.

• Rubber industry workers. Repeated exposure to latex may increase sensitivity.

• People with a personal or family history of allergies. You're at increased risk of latex allergy if you have other allergies — such as hay fever or a food allergy — or they're common in your family.

Connection between food allergy and latex allergy

Latex allergy also is related to certain foods, such as avocados, bananas, chestnuts, kiwis and passion fruits. These foods contain some of the same allergens found in latex. If you're allergic to latex, you have a greater chance of also being allergic to these foods.

You're likely to start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. However, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in allergies (allergist).

Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment.

What you can do

• Write down your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment.

• Document any exposure to latex, when it occurred and what type of reaction you had.

• Write down key personal information, including major stresses or recent life changes.

• Make a list of all medications you're taking, including vitamins and supplements.

• Take a family member or friend, if possible. Someone who accompanies you may remember something that you missed or forgot.

• Write down questions to ask your doctor.

Preparing a list of questions before your appointment will help you make the most of your time with your doctor. For latex allergy, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:

• What is likely causing my symptoms or condition?

• What are other possible causes for my symptoms or condition?

• What tests do I need?

• What's the best treatment?

• What are the alternatives to the primary approach that you're suggesting?

• I have these other health conditions. How can I best manage them together?

• How can I avoid contact with latex?

• Are there brochures or other printed material that I can have? What websites do you recommend?

Don't hesitate to ask other questions, as well.

What to expect from your doctor

Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions, including:

• When did your symptoms begin?

• Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional?

• How severe are your symptoms?

• Do you have allergies, such as hay fever or allergies to certain foods?

• Is there a history of allergies in your family?

• Have you been exposed to latex products?

• If you had symptoms after wearing latex gloves, how long did it take for the symptoms to develop?

• What surgeries have you had and when?

What you can do in the meantime

If you suspect you have a latex allergy, try to avoid contact with anything that contains latex.

Your doctor will want to know your history of reacting to latex, as well as other allergy signs and symptoms you've experienced. Your doctor may conduct a physical examination to identify or exclude other medical problems.

He or she may also recommend one or both of the following tests:

• Skin test. In this test, small amounts of latex are placed on the skin of your forearm or back. Your skin is then pricked with a needle to allow a tiny amount of the applied latex beneath your skin surface. If you're allergic to latex or another substance being tested, you develop a raised bump. Allergists or other doctors experienced in skin testing should perform this test.

• Blood test. Your blood sample is sent to a medical laboratory, where it can be tested for sensitivity to latex.

Although medications are available to reduce the symptoms of latex allergy, there is no cure. The only way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid products that contain latex.

However, despite your best efforts to avoid latex, you may come into contact with it. If you've had a severe allergic reaction to latex, you may need to carry injectable epinephrine with you at all times. If you go into anaphylactic shock, you may need:

• An emergency injection of adrenaline (epinephrine)

• A trip to the emergency room

• Oxygen

• Corticosteroids

For less severe reactions, your doctor may prescribe antihistamines, which you can take after exposure to latex to control your reaction and help relieve discomfort.

Many common products contain latex, but most have suitable alternatives. Prevent an allergic reaction to latex by avoiding these products:

• Dishwashing gloves

• Some types of carpeting

• Clothing waistbands

• Balloons

• Rubber toys

• Hot water bottles

• Baby bottle nipples

• Some disposable diapers

• Rubber bands

• Erasers

• Condoms

• Diaphragms

• Swim goggles

• Racket handles

• Motorcycle and bicycle handgrips

• Blood pressure cuffs

• Stethoscopes

• Intravenous tubing

• Syringes

• Respirators

• Electrode pads

• Surgical masks

• Dental dams

Many health care facilities use nonlatex gloves. However, because other medical products may contain latex or rubber, be sure to tell doctors, nurses, dentists and other health care workers about your allergy before any exams or procedures. Wearing a medical alert bracelet can inform others of your latex allergy.

Source: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000292.htm

Allergic reactions are sensitivities to substances called allergens that come into contact with the skin, nose, eyes, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. They can be breathed into the lungs, swallowed, or injected.

Considerations

Allergic reactions are common. The immune response that causes an allergic reaction is similar to the response that causes hay fever. Most reactions happen soon after contact with an allergen.

Many allergic reactions are mild, while others can be severe and life threatening. They can be confined to a small area of the body, or they may affect the entire body. The most severe form is called anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock. Allergic reactions occur more often in people who have a family history of allergies.

Substances that don't bother most people (such as venom from bee stings and certain foods, medicines, and pollens) can trigger allergic reactions in certain people.

First-time exposure may produce only a mild reaction. Repeated exposures may lead to more serious reactions. Once a person has had an exposure or an allergic reaction (is sensitized), even a very limited exposure to a very small amount of allergen can trigger a severe reaction.

Most severe allergic reactions occur within seconds or minutes after exposure to the allergen. Some reactions can occur after several hours, particularly if the allergen causes a reaction after it has been eaten. In very rare cases, reactions develop after 24 hours.

Anaphylaxis is a sudden and severe allergic reaction that occurs within minutes of exposure. Immediate medical attention is needed for this condition. Without treatment, anaphylaxis can get worse very quickly and lead to death within 15 minutes.

Causes

Common allergens include:

• Animal dander

• Bee stings or stings from other insects

• Foods, especially nuts, fish, and shellfish

• Insect bites

• Medicines

• Plants

• Pollens

Symptoms

Common symptoms of a mild allergic reaction include:

• Hives (especially over the neck and face)

• Itching

• Nasal congestion

• Rashes

• Watery, red eyes

 Dermographism close up

 Dermographism on arm

 Hives urticaria body

 Hives urticaria close up

 Hives urticaria

Symptoms of a moderate or severe reaction include:

• Abdominal pain

• Abnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds

• Anxiety

• Chest discomfort or tightness

• Cough

• Diarrhea

• Difficulty breathing, wheezing

• Difficulty swallowing

• Dizziness or lightheadedness

• Flushing or redness of the face

• Nausea or vomiting

• Palpitations

• Swelling of the face, eyes, or tongue

• Unconsciousness

First Aid

For a mild to moderate reaction:

Calm and reassure the person having the reaction. Anxiety can make symptoms worse.

Try to identify the allergen and have the person avoid further contact with it.

1.      If the person develops an itchy rash, apply cool compresses and an over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream.

2.      Watch the person for signs of increasing distress.

3.      Get medical help. For a mild reaction, a health care provider may recommend over-the-counter medications, such as antihistamines.

For a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis):

Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation (the ABC's of Basic Life Support). A warning sign of dangerous throat swelling is a very hoarse or whispered voice, or coarse sounds when the person is breathing in air. If necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR.

1.      Call Emergency.

2.      Calm and reassure the person.

3.      If the allergic reaction is from a bee sting, scrape the stinger off the skin with something firm (such as a fingernail or plastic credit card). Do not use tweezers -- squeezing the stinger will release more venom.

4.      If the person has emergency allergy medicine on hand, help the person take or inject the medicine. Avoid oral medicine if the person is having difficulty breathing.

5.      Take steps to prevent shock. Have the person lie flat, raise the person's feet about 12 inches (30 centimeters), and cover them with a coat or blanket. Do not place the person in this position if a head, neck, back, or leg injury is suspected or if it causes discomfort.

DO NOT

If a person is having an allergic reaction:

• Do not assume that any allergy shots the person has already received will provide complete protection.

• Do not place a pillow under the person's head if he or she is having trouble breathing. This can block the airways.

• Do not give the person anything by mouth if the person is having trouble breathing.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call for emergency medical assistance right away if:

• The person is having a severe allergic reaction. Do not wait to see if the reaction is getting worse.

• The person has a history of severe allergic reactions.

Prevention

To prevent allergic reactions:

• Avoid triggers such as foods and medicines that have caused an allergic reaction in the past. Ask detailed questions about ingredients when you are eating away from home. Carefully check ingredient labels.

• If you have a child who is allergic to certain foods, introduce 1 new food at a time in small amounts so you can recognize an allergic reaction.

• People who have had serious allergic reactions should wear a medical ID tag and carry emergency medicines according to your provider's instructions.

• Do not use your injectable epinephrine on anyone else. They may have a condition (such as a heart problem) that could be made worse by this drug.

Source: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000005.htm

An allergy is a reaction by your immune system to something that does not bother most other people. People who have allergies often are sensitive to more than one thing. Substances that often cause reactions are

• Pollen
• Dust mites
• Mold spores
• Pet dander
• Food
• Insect stings
• Medicines

Normally, your immune system fights germs. It is your body's defense system. In most allergic reactions, however, it is responding to a false alarm. Genes and the environment probably both play a role.

Allergies can cause a variety of symptoms such as a runny nose, sneezing, itching, rashes, swelling, or asthma. Allergies can range from minor to severe. Anaphylaxis is a severe reaction that can be life-threatening. Doctors use skin and blood tests to diagnose allergies. Treatments include medicines, allergy shots, and avoiding the substances that cause the reactions.

Allergy to pollen

Each spring, summer, and fall, trees, weeds, and grasses release tiny pollen grains into the air. Some of the pollen ends up in your nose and throat. This can trigger a type of allergy called hay fever.

Symptoms can include

• Sneezing, often with a runny or clogged nose
• Coughing and postnasal drip
• Itching eyes, nose and throat
• Red and watery eyes
• Dark circles under the eyes

Your health care provider may diagnose hay fever based on a physical exam and your symptoms. Sometimes skin or blood tests are used. Taking medicines and using nasal sprays can relieve symptoms. You can also rinse out your nose, but be sure to use distilled or sterilized water with saline. Allergy shots can help make you less sensitive to pollen and provide long-term relief.

Food Allergy

Food allergy is an abnormal response to a food triggered by your body's immune system.

In adults, the foods that most often trigger allergic reactions include fish, shellfish, peanuts, and tree nuts, such as walnuts. Problem foods for children can include eggs, milk, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, and wheat.

Symptoms of food allergy include

• Itching or swelling in your mouth
• Vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal cramps and pain
• Hives or eczema
• Tightening of the throat and trouble breathing
• Drop in blood pressure

Your health care provider may use a detailed history, elimination diet, and skin and blood tests to diagnose a food allergy.

When you have food allergies, you must be prepared to treat an accidental exposure. Wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace, and carry an auto-injector device containing epinephrine (adrenaline).

You can only prevent the symptoms of food allergy by avoiding the food. After you and your health care provider have identified the foods to which you are sensitive, you must remove them from your diet.

Allergy to Medicines

Most of the time, medicines make our lives better. They reduce aches and pains, fight infections, and control problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes. But medicines can also cause unwanted reactions.

One problem is interactions, which may occur between

• Two drugs, such as aspirin and blood thinners
• Drugs and food, such as statins and grapefruit
• Drugs and supplements, such as gingko and blood thinners
• Drugs and diseases, such as aspirin and peptic ulcers

Interactions can change the actions of one or both drugs. The drugs might not work, or you could get side effects.

Side effects are unwanted effects caused by the drugs. Most are mild, such as a stomach aches or drowsiness, and go away after you stop taking the drug. Others can be more serious.

Drug allergies are another type of reaction. They can be mild or life-threatening. Skin reactions, such as hives and rashes, are the most common type.

When you start a new prescription or over-the-counter medication, make sure you understand how to take it correctly. Know which other medications and foods you need to avoid. Ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/allergy.html