Bacterial vaginosis

Contents

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment from your doctor

Self-care and symptom relief

Preventing bacterial vaginosis

When to call the doctor

Alternate Names

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a type of vaginal infection. The vagina normally contains both healthy bacteria and unhealthy bacteria. BV occurs when more unhealthy bacteria grow than healthy bacteria.

No one knows exactly what causes this to occur. BV is a common problem that can affect women and girls of all ages.

Symptoms

Symptoms of BV include:

• White or gray vaginal discharge that smells fishy or unpleasant
• Burning when you urinate
• Itching inside and outside the vagina
• You also may not have any symptoms.

Diagnosis

Your health care provider may do a pelvic exam to diagnose BV. Do not use tampons or have sex 24 hours before you see your doctor.

• You will be asked to lie on your back with your feet in stirrups.
• Your doctor will insert an instrument into your vagina called a speculum. The speculum is opened slightly to hold the vagina open while your doctor examines the inside of your vagina and takes a sample of discharge with a sterile cotton swab.
• The discharge is examined under a microscope to check for signs of infection.

Treatment from your doctor

If you have BV, your health care provider may prescribe:

• Antibiotic pills that you swallow
• Antibiotic creams that you insert into your vagina
• Be sure you use the medicine exactly as prescribed and follow the instructions on the label. Drinking alcohol with some medicines may upset your stomach, give you strong stomach cramps, or make you sick. Do not skip a day or stop taking any medicine early, because the infection may come back.

You cannot spread BV to a male partner. But if you have a female partner, it is possible it can spread to her. She may need to be treated for BV, as well.

Care and symptom relief

To help ease vaginal irritation:

• Stay out of hot tubs or whirlpool baths.
• Wash your vagina and anus with a gentle, non-deodorant soap.
• Rinse completely and gently dry your genitals well.
• Use unscented tampons or pads.
• Wear loose-fitting clothing and cotton underwear. Avoid wearing pantyhose.
• Wipe from front to back after you use the bathroom.

Preventing bacterial vaginosis

You can help prevent bacterial vaginosis by:

• Not having sex.
• Limiting your number of sex partners.
• Always using a condom when you have sex.
• Not douching. Douching removes the healthy bacteria in your vagina that protect against infection.

When to call the doctor

Call your health care provider if:

• Your symptoms are not improving.
• You have pelvic pain or a fever.

Alternate Names

Nonspecific vaginitis

Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000687.htm